无人驾驶飞机在当天变得越来越流行，对它们的申请越过科学和工业的界限，从航空摄影到包装交付再到灾难管理，从该技术中受益。但是在它们变得司空见惯之前，要解决的挑战要使它们可靠和安全。以下论文讨论了与无人驾驶飞机的精确着陆相关的挑战，包括传感和控制的方法及其在各种应用中的优点和缺点。

随着无人机技术的改进，从监视到航空摄影再到包装交付的这些多功能自动驾驶汽车，已经发现了越来越多的用途，并且这些应用都带来了独特的挑战。本文实施了一个这样一个挑战的解决方案：降落在移动目标上。此问题以前已经通过不同程度的成功解决了，但是大多数实施都集中在室内应用程序上。室外以风和照明等变量的形式提出了更大的挑战，室外无人机更重，更容易受到惯性效应的影响。我们的方法纯粹是基于视觉的，使用单眼摄像机和基准标记来定位无人机和PID控制，以跟随和降落在平台上。

Differentiable Architecture Search (DARTS) has attracted considerable attention as a gradient-based Neural Architecture Search (NAS) method. Since the introduction of DARTS, there has been little work done on adapting the action space based on state-of-art architecture design principles for CNNs. In this work, we aim to address this gap by incrementally augmenting the DARTS search space with micro-design changes inspired by ConvNeXt and studying the trade-off between accuracy, evaluation layer count, and computational cost. To this end, we introduce the Pseudo-Inverted Bottleneck conv block intending to reduce the computational footprint of the inverted bottleneck block proposed in ConvNeXt. Our proposed architecture is much less sensitive to evaluation layer count and outperforms a DARTS network with similar size significantly, at layer counts as small as 2. Furthermore, with less layers, not only does it achieve higher accuracy with lower GMACs and parameter count, GradCAM comparisons show that our network is able to better detect distinctive features of target objects compared to DARTS.

Of late, insurance fraud detection has assumed immense significance owing to the huge financial & reputational losses fraud entails and the phenomenal success of the fraud detection techniques. Insurance is majorly divided into two categories: (i) Life and (ii) Non-life. Non-life insurance in turn includes health insurance and auto insurance among other things. In either of the categories, the fraud detection techniques should be designed in such a way that they capture as many fraudulent transactions as possible. Owing to the rarity of fraudulent transactions, in this paper, we propose a chaotic variational autoencoder (C-VAE to perform one-class classification (OCC) on genuine transactions. Here, we employed the logistic chaotic map to generate random noise in the latent space. The effectiveness of C-VAE is demonstrated on the health insurance fraud and auto insurance datasets. We considered vanilla Variational Auto Encoder (VAE) as the baseline. It is observed that C-VAE outperformed VAE in both datasets. C-VAE achieved a classification rate of 77.9% and 87.25% in health and automobile insurance datasets respectively. Further, the t-test conducted at 1% level of significance and 18 degrees of freedom infers that C-VAE is statistically significant than the VAE.

An algorithm and a program for detecting the boundaries of water bodies for the autopilot module of asurface robot are proposed. A method for detecting water objects on satellite maps by the method of finding a color in the HSV color space, using erosion, dilation - methods of digital image filtering is applied.The following operators for constructing contours on the image are investigated: the operators of Sobel,Roberts, Prewitt, and from them the one that detects the boundary more accurately is selected for thismodule. An algorithm for calculating the GPS coordinates of the contours is created. The proposed algorithm allows saving the result in a format suitable for the surface robot autopilot module.

Data heterogeneity across clients is a key challenge in federated learning. Prior works address this by either aligning client and server models or using control variates to correct client model drift. Although these methods achieve fast convergence in convex or simple non-convex problems, the performance in over-parameterized models such as deep neural networks is lacking. In this paper, we first revisit the widely used FedAvg algorithm in a deep neural network to understand how data heterogeneity influences the gradient updates across the neural network layers. We observe that while the feature extraction layers are learned efficiently by FedAvg, the substantial diversity of the final classification layers across clients impedes the performance. Motivated by this, we propose to correct model drift by variance reduction only on the final layers. We demonstrate that this significantly outperforms existing benchmarks at a similar or lower communication cost. We furthermore provide proof for the convergence rate of our algorithm.

Heterogeneous treatment effects (HTEs) are commonly identified during randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Identifying subgroups of patients with similar treatment effects is of high interest in clinical research to advance precision medicine. Often, multiple clinical outcomes are measured during an RCT, each having a potentially heterogeneous effect. Recently there has been high interest in identifying subgroups from HTEs, however, there has been less focus on developing tools in settings where there are multiple outcomes. In this work, we propose a framework for partitioning the covariate space to identify subgroups across multiple outcomes based on the joint CIs. We test our algorithm on synthetic and semi-synthetic data where there are two outcomes, and demonstrate that our algorithm is able to capture the HTE in both outcomes simultaneously.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and its data-centric branch of machine learning (ML) have greatly evolved over the last few decades. However, as AI is used increasingly in real world use cases, the importance of the interpretability of and accessibility to AI systems have become major research areas. The lack of interpretability of ML based systems is a major hindrance to widespread adoption of these powerful algorithms. This is due to many reasons including ethical and regulatory concerns, which have resulted in poorer adoption of ML in some areas. The recent past has seen a surge in research on interpretable ML. Generally, designing a ML system requires good domain understanding combined with expert knowledge. New techniques are emerging to improve ML accessibility through automated model design. This paper provides a review of the work done to improve interpretability and accessibility of machine learning in the context of global problems while also being relevant to developing countries. We review work under multiple levels of interpretability including scientific and mathematical interpretation, statistical interpretation and partial semantic interpretation. This review includes applications in three areas, namely food processing, agriculture and health.

The efficiency of using the YOLOV5 machine learning model for solving the problem of automatic de-tection and recognition of micro-objects in the marine environment is studied. Samples of microplankton and microplastics were prepared, according to which a database of classified images was collected for training an image recognition neural network. The results of experiments using a trained network to find micro-objects in photo and video images in real time are presented. Experimental studies have shown high efficiency, comparable to manual recognition, of the proposed model in solving problems of detect-ing micro-objects in the marine environment.

在学习到等级的问题中，特权功能是在模型培训期间可用的功能，但在测试时不可用。这种特征自然出现在商品推荐系统中；例如，“用户单击此项目”作为功能可预测离线数据中的“用户购买此项目”，但在线服务期间显然不可用。特权功能的另一个来源是那些太昂贵而无法在线计算但可行的功能。特权功能蒸馏（PFD）是指自然想法：使用所有功能（包括特权的）训练“老师”模型，然后使用它来训练不使用特权功能的“学生”模型。在本文中，我们首先在经验上研究了三个公共排名数据集和从亚马逊日志中得出的工业规模排名问题。我们表明，PFD在所有这些数据集上都超过了几个基线（无缩写，预处理，自我验证和广义蒸馏）。接下来，我们通过经验消融研究和线性模型的理论分析来分析PFD的原因和何时表现良好。两项研究都发现了一个有趣的非主持酮行为：随着特权特征的预测能力增加，最初的学生模型的性能最初会增加，但随后降低。我们表明了后来的表现降低的原因是，一个非常预测的特权教师会产生较高的差异的预测，从而导致较高的差异学生估计和劣等测试表现。